Systems and Network Security

Acquaintance Providing security with the clients of a framework is among the key worries of a working framework producer. On the windows stage it has been seen that the employments of various document frameworks is one methodology that has been utilized to give extra security.Advertising We will compose a custom exposition test on Systems and Network Security explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More In the Windows Server 2003 stage the utilization of the NTFS records framework has been kept up attributable to the security includes that the framework underpins (Weber Bahadur 2003). With the NTFS records framework documents and registries are kept up as securable articles therefore permitting clients to set consents that limit access to these items. A portion of the primary capacities took care of by a working frameworks incorporate those related with Authentication, Authorization and Accounting. (See Figure III) On the Windows stage AAA gives a way to the framework to di stinguish a client, award access to explicit assets and archive what moves the client made and at what time they took these activities (Reeser, Kaplan Wood 2003). Most of administrations related with AAA on the Windows Server 2003 condition are offered by the Windows security model. Under this security model confirmation is brought out using client account/secret phrase settings. Approval is dealt with by optional access control records oversaw by the framework. The framework caters for bookkeeping needs utilizing occasion logs and occasion examining approaches (Reeser, Kaplan Wood 2003).To aid the administration of authorizations when a client signs on to the framework an entrance token is created. This token comprises of snippets of data about the clients account (Weber Bahadur 2003). Through this implies when a client endeavors to get to a document the framework verifies whether the client has the security descriptor for that record. Notwithstanding checking the clients of a fram ework the Windows Server 2003 stage permits the director of the framework to review action on the framework by watching the framework logs. Each entrance endeavor is logged and put away in a log record that can be seen by the framework heads or different clients with proper authorizations (Weber Bahadur 2003).Advertising Looking for paper on software engineering? How about we check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More However, no framework gives immaculate security and to that reason there are approaches around the working framework in Windows Server 2003. The reason for this report is to quickly talk about a portion of the issues with validation, approval and evaluating (AAA) on the Windows Server 2003 stage. Windows Server 2003 Authentication Mechanism The Windows Server 2003 stage simply like the Windows 2000 was built to give a wide scope of command over access to its assets. Truly Windows Server 2003 is structured with the end goal that it ch ecks get to authorizations for each solicitation before allowing access to framework assets (Stewart, McCann and Melendez 2006). The Windows Server 2003professional framework can give nearby security when utilized as an independent framework, in a workgroup or partake in area security oversaw by a Windows server (Stewart, McCann and Melendez 2006). Before a client is conceded access to any framework assets on the stage they are required to logon giving a legitimate client ID and secret word (Stewart, McCann and Melendez 2006). After effectively logon the client is allowed an entrance token by the framework. This entrance token incorporates data about the user’s personality, any consent related with the client account and a total rundown of the gatherings to which the client has a place. A series of bits speaks to the token that is joined to each procedure that the client introduces until the client logs off the framework (Stewart, McCann and Melendez 2006). This means each ti me the client runs a program, enters a framework order or gets to some framework asset a duplicate of that token goes with that demand. On each event that a client endeavors to get to an asset the framework consequently contrasts the token and a rundown of authorizations related with the asset. This rundown of consents is alluded to as the entrance control list (ACL) (Stewart, McCann and Melendez 2006). This rundown is one of the more significant properties related with the Windows Server 2003 assets. It ensures that at whatever point a solicitation is made the ACL and token are deliberately analyzed and get to is possibly conceded when a match is found. The perceived consent settings in the Windows Server 2003 stage are Allow and Deny. Permit empowers the client or gathering access to a help though Deny debilitates the equivalent (Stewart, McCann and Melendez 2006). (See Figure I)Advertising We will compose a custom exposition test on Systems and Network Security explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More Windows space security is based on Active catalog. This is a concentrated database of setup and correspondence data kept up by space controllers on a Windows organize (Stewart, McCann and Melendez 2006). The Active Directory is utilized to help everything from confirmation of clients to getting to shared assets on the system. Anyway when utilized as an independent framework or part of a space Windows Server 2003 doesn't utilize Active Directory yet utilizes the vault and inward security frameworks to control access to assets. The Windows Server 2003 logon is obligatory to permit access to assets on the framework. There are two sorts of logons accessible on Windows Server 2003 specifically the work of art and Windows welcome (Stewart, McCann and Melendez 2006). At the point when a Windows Server 2003 framework is an individual from an area the exemplary framework can be utilized. Nonetheless, when the framework is an independent or individual from a workgroup either exemplary or welcome logon can be utilized (Stewart, McCann and Melendez 2006). The logon on process is regularly comprised of two segments to be specific distinguishing proof and verification. The ID part necessitates that the client give a substantial record name and in situations where an area is included a legitimate record name. Validation necessitates that a client give a legitimate methods for confirming their character to the framework (Stewart, McCann and Melendez 2006). Ownership of the best possible secret word for a record is viewed as suitable validation. The Windows Server 2003 framework additionally bolsters the utilization of outsider confirmation strategies, for example, the utilization of biometric techniques (Stewart, McCann and Melendez 2006). These methodology incorporate the utilization of frameworks that check fingerprints, retinal outputs and the utilization of brilliant cards to confirm character of the client. Upon a fruitful login to th e framework the client is give a token which incorporates the client Security personality (SID) and SID’s for every one of the gatherings the client has a place. The entrance token along these lines incorporates the interesting SID related with the record, a rundown of gatherings to which the client has a place and a rundown of rights and benefits related with that client account (Stewart, McCann and Melendez 2006) (See Figure II).Advertising Searching for article on software engineering? We should check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Find out More Access to framework assets is allowed simply after the client gets an entrance token. Each entrance token is made for one time use and is disposed of after the client logs off the framework (Stewart, McCann and Melendez 2006). Once developed the entrance token is appended by the framework to the clients shell process. This shell procedure characterizes the earth where the client executes projects or brings forth different procedures. In the Windows Server 2003 framework assets are constrained by the framework at an article level. Each item in the framework has a one of a kind access control list that characterizes clients and gatherings that have authorization to get to the particular asset (Stewart, McCann and Melendez 2006). In such manner subsequently everything in the Windows Server 2003 condition is an article. This incorporates all documents, organizers, printers, forms, clients, demands, and so forth. An individual article is distinguished by its sort, which will characterize the allowed scope of substance and activities which might be performed on the item (Stewart, McCann and Melendez 2006). All articles in the Windows Server 2003 framework are consistently separated into three segments in particular, a sort identifier, a rundown capacities or administrations and a rundown of characteristics that could conceivably have related things (Stewart, McCann and Melendez 2006). The article identifier is utilized to portray the sort of substance related with the item. An assistance is utilized to characterize the strategy to follow while controlling an article. While, the properties are its named qualities, for example, the record name or whether the document is covered up or perused just (Stewart, McCann and Melendez 2006). Windows Server 2003 Authorization Mechanisms The Windows Server 2003 working framework is worked with various highlights to help shield chosen documents and applications from unapproved use (Russel Crawford 2009). The framework offers its c lients an assortment of highlights from assurance and outsider programming that can permit the client oversee or arrange the framework. These highlights help overseers by arrangement of amazing and adaptable structures for controlling the entrance to assets and the system. Each client inside an association fills a particular job and need. For the clients to effectively play out their errands inside an association the framework needs to permit access to required assets (Russel Crawford 2009). The representatives who work in the bookkeeping offices are not permitted to make changes yet just utilize various records and archives. It is right, as all the control ought to be finished by the executives of the organization. There is a unique office that is in the control of those particular reports utilized by the workers. The faculty division controls the

Stalin and the Five Year Plans

Stalin's procedure to take Germany forward was utilizing multi year plans. Stalin accepted there was requirement for these five-year designs as : First of every single a significant number of the locales were behind different nations in development and that the USSR were in reverse Stalin accepted that to be in reverse you are crushed and oppressed however in the event that you are influential individuals must be careful with you. Stalin likewise accepted (with Lenin) the USSR ought to overwhelm and out strip the industrialist nations He trusted Socialism in one nation and the USSR would be ground-breaking enough to endure at that point would assume control over the remainder of the world.Another explanation behind the multi year plans was on the grounds that he accepted that Germany would attack and in one of his speechs he said â€Å"If we have a decent effect in 10 years or so they will squash us. In conclusion the multi year plans incorporated a great deal of valuable publicity which helped protray Stalin as an extremely wonderful and influential man. In the initial multi year plan Stalin concentrated on radip industrialisation. He requested a 200% expansion in iron creation and a 335% in electrical force. To do this Stalin utilized alot of detainees as they were modest and in an enormous supply.If a laborer was seen as liable of conspiracy in any capacity whatsoever they would either be shot or sent to constrained work on the Baltic Sea Canal or the Siberian railroad. In Soviet Union laborers developed damns,roads,railways and trenches which all assisted with growing the business and assembling. In spite of the fact that industrial facility yield took off because of the initial Multi year plan the agrarian creation was harmed. In 1932, grain creation was 32 % beneath normal whic brought about a boundless starvation. Second arrangement For the Second FIve Year Plan, Stalin extended the objectives of his past arrangement and kept on underscoring on overwhel ming industry.This plan's point was to propel the Soviet Unions correspondence frameworks particularly railroads which improved in speed and unwavering quality. The Second Five Year Plan didnt arrive at the degree of progress that the First Five Year plan did with the creation levels in coal and oil businesses. The First Multi year plan empowered a high status family life and In the Second Five Year Plan started a lower expectation for everyday comforts as customer inclinations were ignored and center moved toward military products and substantial industry Third PlanThe Third Multi year plan went on for just multi year, as it was hindered by Germany's assertion of war on the Soviet Union During world war II. Stalin kept on actualizing extra Five Yer Plans in the Years following WWII. By 1952 the modern creation was about twofold 1941 level. Stalin's Five Year Plans changed the Soviet Union from an undeveloped Society of Peasent to a progressed modern economy.

Personal Choice Essay Topics For A Sociology Degree

Personal Choice Essay Topics For A Sociology DegreeA sociology degree can help you with the most personal choice essay topics. You will be helping others to understand the issues that impact their lives. With the help of your sociology degree, you will be able to write about a wide variety of topics. This is why it is such a wise choice for any undergraduate.Another reason you want to pursue this type of degree is that it can help you for your many other fields of interest, such as, communication, public speaking, and leadership. The reason that you want to get this degree is because you love people. You love to help them, and understanding them. People are the life blood of society. You will help to change society if you get a sociology degree.What does a sociology major understand about the world? People think that the world they live in is pretty much the same as everyone else's. Well, not so. You should know that it is not the same. It is a world full of different groups, beliefs , and values.Sociologists research all of these differences to try to come up with ways to help those who live in that world to understand them. It is this study of diversity that is the key for sociology to help you in your choice essay topics. You must have strong knowledge of a variety of different cultures, to get this degree.There are three major study areas within sociology. These are cultural anthropology, sociology of education, and sociology of the family. You will be in some pretty good hands with these degrees. They will guide you to the types of research you need to do for each topic.Culture and Society have a lot to do with public health and today's education. The information you gain will help you make important decisions about the people that you work with and teach in your public health profession. This degree will also help you to help in your education of students.It has been said that the three fields of social sciences are not closely related to one another. Howe ver, they do have something in common. For example, the education of the child will inform the child's experience of life. The sociology field will be important for all three fields.Sociology is a very interesting area of study. Those who want to help in changing the world will benefit from studying this. Not only do you get an education on how people from different cultures live their lives, but you will be very well versed in understanding those cultures. This is the right field for you to choose to get a sociology degree.

Essay on Informative Speech Outline Animal Cruelty

Introduction 1. ATTENTION GETTER: Millions of animals are abused each year. Over a million of these animals are abused or killed just due to the involvement with domestic violence. Despite animal cruelty being a felony which can result in jail time for over 15 years and 500,000 dollars in fines, it is still an issue which occurs on a daily basis across the United States. It is important for these animals to not go unnoticed, which can be achieved if society became more enlightened and educated on the topic of animal cruelty. (Pacelle, 2011). 2. THESIS/PURPOSE: Today we will explain the significance, and inherency due to animal cruelty, as well as several solutions which can help to prevent cases of animal abuse. 3.†¦show more content†¦Children who live in homes where animal abuse is present are often abused themselves and unfortunately, sometimes carry on with the cycle of abuse later on in life. â€Å"More than 80 percent of family members being treated for child abuse al so had abused animals. In one-third of the cases, a child victim continued the cycle of violence by abusing a pet (â€Å"The animal abuse home violence connection†, 2013).† 1. In a study done in 2005 by Christopher Hensley and Suzanne E. Tallichet, it was discovered that â€Å"inmates who were younger when they first witnessed someone hurt or kill animals and those who witnessed a friend hurt or kill animals were more likely to commit animal cruelty more frequently (Dutkiewicz,Hensley, and Tallichet, 2011).† 1. Violent criminals often have a history of abusing animals. In fact, â€Å"The FBI sees animal cruelty as a predictor of violence against people and considers past animal abuse when profiling serial killers (â€Å"The animal abuse violence connection†, 2013).† a. Because of this, we need to take cruelty towards animals seriously. It is a sign of aggression and violence and can often lead to even more gruesome crimes, not just towards animals, but towards humans as well. b. If left alone, abuse towards anShow MoreRelatedKiller Captivity1198 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿ SPEECH 1315 Informative Speech Killer Cruelty for Professor Frost Spring 2014 OUTLINE Topic: Killer Whales in Captivity Organizational Pattern: Casual Order General Purpose: To inform the audience. Specific Purpose: To inform the audience of the cruelty done to the killer whales held in captivity at Sea World. Central Idea: Many amusement parks mistreat their animals and in response they lash out and attack. Is the trainer at fault or the â€Å"killer†Read MoreInformative Speech On Pitbulls1055 Words   |  5 PagesDyana Churchill Communications 103 Informative Speech Outline 11 October 2017 Pit Bulls - How We Can Help Protect Them General Purpose: To inform Specific Purpose: To inform my audience about that pit bulls are not always dangerous and how they can be such a great companion. Introduction (Attention Gainer :) What is the first word that comes to mind when you think of pit bull? According to Cesar Millan, â€Å"A bread is like a suit of clothes, it doesnt tell you anything about the dog inside.† CesarRead MoreHsm 542 Week 12 Discussion Essay45410 Words   |  182 Pagesthat the staff have an professional development with working lunch. The working lunch would cut back on staff member not able because of child care or schooling. The working lunch would all me as the owner to bring in outside presentors to give informative data and the lastes technology or ethic laws to help the staff and protect the patient for the best health care at my local for success. The working lunch for workshops or training will be schedule  monthly and suggestion of what food choice

Maya Angelous the Graduation - 1596 Words

Maya Angelou’s The Graduation Throughout life we go through many stepping stones, Maya Angelous autobiographical essay Graduation, was about more than just moving on to another grade. The unexpected events that occurred during the ceremony enabled her to graduate from the views of a child to the more experienced and sometimes disenchanting views of an adult. Upon reading the story there is an initial feeling of excitement and hope which was quickly tarnished with the awareness of human prejudices. The author vividly illustrates many mood changes she undergoes throughout the story. From the outset of the story there is an overwhelming sense of hope that has enveloped the entire community and school with the upcoming graduation.†¦show more content†¦All her perfect practice was now gone and the strain as they fumbled for their chairs began to crush their pattern. The author was overcome with a presentiment of worse things to come. Don Leavys speech caused a fury to star t boiling inside of the author due to the assumed fact that she has lost control over her future. The accomplishment was nothing., she has already been picked to act and assume a certain role in society. Anything they aspired for other than maids or farmers was farcial and presumtous. Along with this fury came frustration. This frustration is like a blanket that is too short to cover you, no matter how much you stretch and pull, it never covers you whole. This is now what was consuming her mind. For the moment she had to sit there and listen to the garbage filling the room, listen to charges brought against my color. What had been beautiful, was now ugly. She hated the human race for what it had become, a race or mass of people concreted on bias. The ceremony that had started out as a night of hope had now become an eternity of hopelessness. Moving from a childlike bliss to an awakening of the worlds prejudice, the author makes the words take on flesh. The story is made alive as she breathes life into a time that is unpleasant yet not void of hope. The hush-hush magic time of frills and gifts and congratulations disappeared when they were told the cold hard `truth of their fate that some white man had already decided for them.Show MoreRelated Life Lessons in Maya Angelous Graduation Essay1709 Words   |  7 PagesLife Lessons in Maya Angelous Graduation Throughout life we go through many stepping stones, Maya Angelous autobiographical essay Graduation, was about more than just moving on to another grade. The unexpected events that occurred during the ceremony enabled her to graduate from the views of a child to the more experienced and sometimes disenchanting views of an adult. Upon reading the story there is an initial feeling of excitement and hope which was quickly tarnished with the abrupt awarenessRead More Comparing Maya Angelous Graduation and Liliana Hekers The Stolen Party1020 Words   |  5 PagesComparing Maya Angelous Graduation and Liliana Hekers The Stolen Party    Maya Angelous Graduation and Liliana Hekers The Stolen Party share a common theme. Each author demonstrates through young girls that lifes experiences, especially as a child, teach important lessons. Although Angelous Graduation and Hekers The Stolen Party share a distinct resemblance, they also differ. The main similarity is that Margaret from Graduation and Rosaura from The Stolen Party areRead MoreLanguage as a Tool in Maya Angelous quot;graduationquot; Essay688 Words   |  3 Pages In Maya Angelous Essay `Graduation the use of language as a navigational tool is very evident, as it leads from emotion to emotion on the occasion of the authors graduation from eighth grade. Over the course of the work, Angelou displays 3 major emotions simply based from the language she uses; excitement, disappointment and finally, redemption The beginning of this work focuses on speaking of excitement and joy due to the upcoming eighth grade graduation, The children in Stamps trembledRead MoreI Know Why The Caged Bird Sings1482 Words   |  6 Pages Maya Angelou tells of her life experiences and struggles in her book â€Å"I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings† that gives us insight about Maya’s life as a young black girl growing up in a time of racism. The novel discusses various forms of oppression that she had to face as well cope with them. Robert A. Gross wrote an analysis for Newsweek about the book and claimed that Angelou’s book is not only an interesting story of her own experience, but also a portrayal of a Southern black communityRead MoreGraduation by Maya Angelou Critique1386 Words   |  6 PagesDanielle Davis Eileen Thompson English 121 SL May 9, 2012 â€Å"Graduation† Critique â€Å"Graduation† was written by Maya Angelou in 1969. Angelou was born in Missouri, but after her parents divorced, she was sent to live with her grandmother in Stamps, Arkansas. While in Arkansas, Angelou attended the Lafayette County Training School. The school is the setting for her essay â€Å"Graduation.† Angelou graduated from eighth grade at Lafayette with top honors and went on to graduate from high school. AfterRead More High School Graduation Essay659 Words   |  3 PagesGraduation Epidemic My high school graduation was one of the saddest moments of my life. Although I was excited about graduating, I did not know what I was going to do with the rest of my life. In Maya Angelou’s â€Å"Graduation,† Angelou was excited and proud of all that she had accomplished. In Flannery O’Connor’s â€Å"A Late Encounter With the Enemy,† Sally Poker Sash was proud that she was finally graduating and just wanted to show that off to all the â€Å"upstarts†. In the two readings the pupils areRead MoreGraduation Speech By Maya Angelou1566 Words   |  7 PagesFebruary 18, 2016 Graduation Graduation is a ceremony that almost every single person is familiar with, thus building the connection of the reader. Graduation is an important transition in one’s life. It represents an accomplishment and signifies moving on to something better, more important and the pathway to use one’s knowledge to achieve one’s life goals. It calls for a celebration along with a grand commencement among family, friends, and peers. Maya Angelou’s, â€Å"Graduation†, is about a youngRead MoreMaya Angelou s Graduation Day862 Words   |  4 Pagesideas appear multiple times throughout Maya Angelou’s, â€Å"Graduation Day†. The story refers to a young girl graduating the eighth grade. Maya Angelou encountered many people who challenged her personal growth because of the words spoken to her. Although common belief states words have no power, words have the power to influence an audience. Words spoken from a kind hearted soul motivate an audience and direct them towards a healthy existence. Pastor Sneed, Angelou’s hometown pastor, had the opportunityRead MoreRhetorical Analysis Of Maya Angelou s I Know Why The Caged Bird Sings 1036 Words   |  5 PagesFily Thiam English 002 Mrs. Vilato 9 April 2015 Rhetorical Analysis on â€Å"Graduation† by Maya Angelou In Graduation, a chapter in her autobiography â€Å"I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings†, Maya Angelou talks vividly about her middle school graduation in the segregated South. Graduation is an important milestone in most people’s life, as they get a degree and move on to their next level, something better and more important, with the hope that they can use their new knowledge to achieve their life goals andRead MoreAn Essential Factor For African American1636 Words   |  7 Pagescentury. Separation became the new motto for all of America even years after the end of slavery. With the contribution of Martin Luther King Jr., Maya Angelou, and Malcolm X, equality for blacks was made possible. It is invariably true that persistence is demonstrated in the works: â€Å"Letter from Birmingham Jail† by Martin Luther King Jr., â€Å"Graduation† by Maya Angelou and â€Å"A Homemade Education† by Malcolm X despite the oppositions these writers faced while tryin g to accomplish goals of racial equality

Banning The Advertising Of Tobacco Use - 906 Words

n this essay, I will discuss the positives and negatives related to countries banning the advertising of tobacco use, the complexities of the argument, finished with my own perspective. This is a highly argumentative debate that countries of the free world have argued for several decades. I’ll start by explaining the dangers of smoking tobacco. According to the Center of Disease Control (CDC) in the United States of America, tobacco use contributes cancers of and not limited to: mouth, esophagus, throat, and lungs. On February 6, 2001, India signed into law, a restriction that prevents tobacco manufacturers from advertising the sale of tobacco. According to a report found on the website icmrindia.org, it was described as a â€Å"bombshell† in India. This law is not uncommon globally. These types of laws have been a gradual occurrence for the past 30+ years. The United States of America was an early, freedom based, country to enact such a law. The law they created was signed into law on April 1, 1970. Countries that followed the United State’s lead, were France, Finland, and Norway. This is such a controversial topic, that it has found it’s arguments to their higher courts. ARGUMENTS IN FAVOR OF THE BAN ON TOBACCO IN INDIA It is believed that when countries ban the advertising of tobacco, consumption drops. It is also believed that it sets a standard, of health morality, for it’s citizens to live by. When it’s citizens stand behind a law that limitsShow MoreRelatedA Government And A Tobacco Company1003 Words   |  5 Pagesgovernment and a tobacco company feel that they are justified in banning or opposing tobacco advertising in India. The government of India serves the people. When a product is produced that affects the health of the people the government is justified to take action. With Tobacco products India banned the advertising and sponsorship of sport and cultural events (IBS Center for Management Research (ICMR), 2001). Those in favor of the ban cite the French who stated that Tobacco advertisingRead MoreBan Tobacco Ban On Tobacco859 Words   |  4 PagesSupporters of the ban on tobacco in India realize the major health complications that will arise from the use of tobacco. The World Health Organization estimated â€Å"over 3 million people died from tobacco related deaths in 1990,† (Ban on Tobacco Ads by the Government in India; http://www.icmrindia.org/free%20resources/casestudies/ban-tobacco-ads11.htm ). It is the government’s duty to protect the health and welfare of its citizens by banning advertising harmful products that are designed to appealRead MoreEffects of Bann ing Smoking Advertising Essay1657 Words   |  7 PagesEffects of Banning Smoking Advertising Cigarettes are some of the most abused drugs in the world and the effects associated with smoking have greatly influenced the intervention of health professionals concerning the legality of smoking advertisements. Ethical and legal issues have come up over the essence of restricting or completely banning cigarette advertising to reduce the number of affected individuals. Cigarettes have since time immemorial been established to cause a wide range of infectionsRead MoreBAN ON TOBACCO ADVERTISEMENT IN INDIA800 Words   |  4 PagesBAN ON TOBACCO ADVERTISEMENT IN INDIA In 2004 the government of India banned tobacco companies from advertising their products and sponsoring sports and cultural events. The objective was to discourage adolescents from consuming tobacco products as well as empower the government with the power to launch an anti tobacco program. . This issue created a serious problem in that it was both ethical and commercial, the government on one hand, believe it was its responsibility to protect the welfare ofRead MoreBan Banning Should Not Be Banned981 Words   |  4 Pagesavoided, but also banned. In India specifically, a country that is renowned for its high use of tobacco production and use, the idea of smoking has become a national crisis. With tobacco companies trying to push for freedom of speech† with advertisements, and the government attempting to assume a sense of responsibility, it seems almost impossible to find a solution that can encompass all perspectives. Pro-banning arguments Many feel that the Indian government should be allowed to intervene, especiallyRead MoreBan On Tobacco Advertisements By The Government Of India864 Words   |  4 PagesBan on Tobacco Ads by the Government of India A Case Study 1. A summary of the arguments in favor of the ban on tobacco advertising. The arguments in favor of the government banning tobacco advertising generally begins with the belief that the government has the right to intervene in the best interest of its citizens. The banning of cocaine, which is generally seen as worldwide, is often used as an example of this. Public health is often the motive that is cited when countries such as Belgium andRead MoreTobacco Advertising And The Indian Government997 Words   |  4 PagesTobacco Advertising and the Indian Government An Analysis of the Case Study In February of 2001, India joined many developed nations in a long-held and ongoing debate; that of the ethical responsibility of government in regards to the advertising of tobacco products. By 2001 many other nations had already decided to either place bans on or strongly restrict the advertising of tobacco products in an attempt to curb usage and thereby avoid the ill health effects associated with the product. While theRead MoreIndia s Tobacco Advertising Ban1018 Words   |  5 PagesIndia s Tobacco Advertising Ban The World Health Organization (WHO) reports that worldwide, five million tobacco users die annually and estimates that one million Indians die each year prematurely from tobacco use (2015). As late at 2009, India was â€Å"the world’s second-largest consumer and third-largest producer of tobacco† (Economist, 2009, p. 5). In an attempt to reduce consumption, India introduced its first adverting ban on tobacco in 1990, followed in 2003 by the Cigarettes and Other Tobacco ProductsRead MoreBanning Of The Law Of India1326 Words   |  6 PagesBANNING TOBACCO IN INDIA A case study in ethics management SUMMARY In order to better understand the complexities and difficulties of ethical decisions in the context of organisational management, we will examine one such decision made by the Government of India in 2001. The decision was whether to approve a bill that would place a ban on all tobacco advertising, including the sponsorship of sports and cultural events (Ban on tobacco ads by the government of India, 2001). After looking at the argumentsRead MoreAnalysis Of Case Ban On Tobacco Ads By The Government Of India Essay760 Words   |  4 PagesAnalysis of case Ban on Tobacco Ads by the Government of India Introduction Can a ban of advertising on tobacco products keep young adults from developing the habit of smoking? Can it keep them away from trying it out? The Government of India thought so when it announced on Feb 6, 2001 that it intend to forward legislation to ban advertising on tobacco. I am going to examine the case for this proposed legislation. The announcement sparked a fierce debate over the issue. Is it ethical for the

The use of conservation drones in ecology - MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss aboutThe use of conservation drones in ecology. Answer: Introduction Drone is defined as an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) which is remotely controlled by the user, and it can fly autonomously by using software algorithms which are embedded into its system. In other words, the drone can be referred as flying robot. Drones were first developed at the time of Second World War for the military; but, in recent years, drones are becoming significantly popular between people due to reduction in prices and implementation of secondary devices such as GPS and Camera which is largely driven by the growth of smartphone industry. The popularity of drone is increasing rapidly because the technology has potential to impact on peoples lives. Currently, drones are used by people and corporations in performing various activities such as precision agriculture, monitoring climate, monitoring crowds, recording videos, delivery of medicines and parcels. This essay will focus on critically evaluating the influence and benefits of drones in modern societies. Thesis Statement Drones can positively impact various past of society if they are effectively used by people and organisations, but proper security measures are necessary to be taken in order to address various challenges. Merits and Impact of Using Drones One of the biggest reason due to which drones are becoming substantially popular is their ability to fit in unconventional places which makes them effective tools for research and investigation. Many organisations and associations use drones to measure or count forest diversity, elephants, dugongs in Australia, birds, freshwater aquatic habitats and rivers (Sandbrook, 2015). Drones have to ability to survey inaccessible locations where it is difficult for people to use another technology; drone can be flying above places where vehicle or people cannot access, such as swamps and highly dense forest areas. As per the research of Ivoevi?, Han, Cho, and Kwon (2015), drones can be significantly effective in researching ecology and wildlife. The study use drones to research in Chiaksan and Taeanhaean National Parks situated in South Korea which provides that drones are an effective tool for researching wildlife, and they assist in helping the development of biodiversity monitoring. As per Sandbrook (2015), drones are effective surveillance tools, and they can support law enforcement in performing various functions such as suspect tracking, tactical surveillance and search for lost children. Therefore, the benefit of drones is their ability to monitor and research on unconventional places which cannot be accessed by people or vehicles. Drones can reduce various risks or threads relating to natural disasters because of their ability of fly in unconventional places and weather. Many organisations and governments position drones in natural and manmade disaster to survey damage which provide necessary information that assists in evaluating the damage (Kreps, 2016). The governments or insurance companies use drones to calculate the amount of damage for deciding the number of relief funds. The UASs can also be used in disasters to locating stranded and injured victims; drones can easily survey various natural disasters such as floods, earthquakes, and landslides which cannot otherwise be surveyed by people. Drones can easily monitor the area which is affected by disaster through the air and find victims which are affected. It is easier for help groups to track victims through the air which are affected by disasters such as floods and earthquakes. The ecological surveillance can also assist organisations in collecting nec essary information about climate and weather which can protect the crops from natural damages (Ivoevi? et al., 2015). Therefore, drones can be used in saving lives and reducing risk against natural disasters. Drones have a significant impact on society because they are safer to use when compared to planes but security measures are necessary to be taken while flying them. Drones do not require a pilot to be on board because a remote can control them. New commercialised UAVs can be easily controlled by a mobile application or small controller, and their control is simple. In case of a crash, drones are safer since they are usually small in size; therefore, they are likely to cause less damage on the ground (Rao, Gopi, and Maione, 2016). But, on the other hand, being pilotless, they are more likely to crash them compared to piloted planes due to lack of control. The connection of a drone with its controller can be disrupted by various factors which cause it to crash. Drones also use a network connection to work properly, and cybercriminals can hack into such network and control a drone to gain an unfair advantage (Sandbrook, 2015). The number of Dronejacking attacks is increasing with the po pularity of drone technology. Therefore, proper security measure should be embedded in the internal system of drones to protect them from hacking to ensure they can have a positive impact on the society. Drones can have a beneficial and detrimental impact on the privacy of individuals, corporations, government, and society. Drones can have various benefits such as forest monitoring, police surveillance, wildlife research, disaster management and many others (Kreps, 2016). But, along with benefits, there are several privacy drawbacks of using drones as well. Drones are becoming popular among people and corporations are creating new smaller and cheaper drones which can be easily accessible by anyone. Nefarious individuals can use drones to spy on other people to disrupt their privacy. Many experts raise the question that whether it should be ethically acceptable to allow anyone to fly drones without proper knowledge and license since they can use the technology to infringe others privacy (Sandbrook, 2015). Therefore, proper license for using drones should be issued by the government to avoid invasion of peoples privacy. Conclusion Conclusively, drones provide various benefits to people and organisations because they can be used in various situations such as precision agriculture, police surveillance, disaster monitoring, delivering parcels and many others. Drones have a substantial impact on modern society due to its various benefits. There are several risks of using drone technology as well such as cyber-attacks, privacy invasion, physical damages and many others. Proper security measure should be taken to improve the use of drones such as the requirement of a license to fly, inbuilt security infrastructure, flying outside public areas and many others. Effective use of drones will be beneficial in the future and drones will continue to influence the society positively. References Ivoevi?, B., Han, Y.G., Cho, Y. and Kwon, O., 2015. The use of conservation drones in ecology and wildlife research.Ecology and Environment,38(1), pp.113-188. Kreps, S.E. and Kreps, S.E., 2016.Drones: What Everyone Needs to Know. England, UK: Oxford University Press, pp. 106-117. Rao, B., Gopi, A.G. and Maione, R., 2016. The societal impact of commercial drones.Technology in Society,45, pp.83-90. Sandbrook, C., 2015. The social implications of using drones for biodiversity conservation.Ambio,44(4), pp.636-647.

Music Of The 70S Essays - British Rhythm And Blues Boom Musicians

Music Of The 70'S Freewheeling War mixed rock, jazz, and soul influences into a spicy stew throughout the '70s, resulting in a series of R&B and pop hits sporting funky melodies and politically aware messages. Born in Long Beach in 1969, the large combo initially served as rocker Eric Burdon's group, backing the ex-Animal on his 1970 million-seller Spill the Wine. Bidding Burdon adieu, the band signed with United Artists in 1971 and enjoyed its first smash the next year with Slippin' into Darkness. Tapping into a sizzling, horn-fueled rock/soul synthesis, The World Is a Ghetto, The Cisco Kid and Why Can't We Be Friends? all went gold during the mid-'70s. Despite numerous personnel and label changes, War remained eminent throughout the '80s. In the early '90s, War experienced a revival, partially due to the fact that all of their albums were reissued. But the group was also acknowledged as a primary influence on contemporary R&B and hip-hop. War returned to recording in 1994 capitalize on their new-found popularity. While 94's War wasn't a blockbuster, it was a moderate success, enabling the group to continue recording into the late '90s. War may be available for your next special event. Call us! Please note that the above images may not accurately portray current band membership. Specifically, Harold Brown and Howard Scott do not play in the group WAR any longer. On January 11, 2001 we were informed that the ownership of the name WAR is currently in litigation in the United States Court of Appeals for the 9th Circuit. Music Essays

Witness for the Prosecution

Witness for the Prosecution There has been a murder in 1950s England. Miss Emily French, a woman approaching age 60, was found dead in her house on Friday October the 14th. Her housekeeper was away that evening and Miss Emilys   only other friend, Leonard Vole, was the last person to see her alive. The murder occurred at approximately 9:30 at night. Leonard Vole insists he was at his own home at that time, however the housekeeper, Janet Mackenzie, says she heard him speaking with Miss Emily French at 9:25 when Janet briefly returned home to pick up a sewing pattern. Leonard Vole has retained the services of a solicitor, Mr. Mayhew, and barrister, Sir Wilfred Robarts, QC. Leonard Vole is an extremely likeable man with a story that could either be 1.) the most believable tale of a nice man down on his luck who made friends with an older woman or 2.) the perfect set-up for the chance to inherit close to a million pounds. When Miss Emily French’s last will and testament names Leonard as the sole beneficiary of her estate, it seems Leonard will be found guilty. Only Leonard’s wife, Romaine, has a chance of persuading the jury of Leonard’s innocence. But Romaine has a few secrets and a hidden agenda of her own and she isn’t sharing the details with anyone. Production Details Setting: Sir Wilfred Robart’s offices, English Courtroom Time: 1950s Cast Size: This play can accommodate 13 actors with numerous non-speaking small roles as the jury and courtroom attendants. Male Characters: 8 Female Characters: 5 Characters that could be played by either males or females: 0 Content Issues:  Stabbing Roles Carter is Sir Wilfred’s clerk. He is an older gentleman who prides himself on keeping good time and good order of his boss’s offices. Greta is Sir Wilfred’s typist. She is described as â€Å"adenoidal† and flighty. She is easily distracted by the people who come into the office, especially if she has read about them in the newspaper. Sir Wilfred Robarts, QC is the well-respected barrister on Leonard Vole’s case. He prides himself on reading people and their intentions perfectly the first time he meets them. He is knowledgeable and puts genuine effort into each case he tries. Mr. Mayhew is the solicitor on Leonard Vole’s case. He assists Sir Wilfred in office work and provides another pair of eyes and ears to examine the evidence and consider strategies. His knowledge and opinions are invaluable assets for the case. Leonard Vole appears to be the all-around good-natured sort of man one would enjoy befriending. He has dreams and aspirations that will not come to fruition in his current financial situation, but he is not a complainer. He has the ability to endear himself to anyone, especially to women. Romaine is Leonard’s wife. Their marriage is not technically legal, as she is still married (on paper) to a man from her native Germany. Although Leonard insists that Romaine loves him and is devoted to him, she is a difficult woman to read. She has her own agenda and is skeptical that anyone will be able to help her. Mr. Myers, QC is the prosecuting barrister. He and Sir Wilfred, who often find themselves opposite one other in court, have a contentious relationship and. Both manage to keep civil tongues and behave when they appear in front of the judge, but their mutual animosity is evident. Mr. Justice Wainwright is the judge in Leonard Vole’s case. He is fair and handles the barristers and witnesses with a firm hand. He is not above inserting his opinion or telling a story if need be. Janet Mackenzie was Miss Emily French’s housekeeper and companion for twenty years. She has an unyielding personality. She is not charmed by Leonard Vole and has a very dim opinion of him as a person. Other Smaller Roles and Non-speaking Roles Inspector Hearne Plain Clothes Detective Third Juror Second Juror Foreman of the Jury Court Usher Clerk of the Court Alderman Judge’s Clerk Court Stenographer Warder Barristers (6) Policeman Dr. Wyatt Mr. Clegg The Other Woman Production Notes Set. The two must-have sets for Witness for the Prosecution are Sir Wilfred’s office and the courtroom. For this show – no minimalistic approaches. The sets ought to be built and dressed according to resemble a formal barrister’s office and courtroom of the time period. Costumes must be period specific and of note are the traditional wigs and robes worn in British courtrooms by the barristers, judges, and solicitors. Because the time span of the play is six weeks, some actors will need several costume changes. The playwright provides a specific note on doubling up the roles actors may play in order for smaller casts to still achieve the â€Å"spectacle† of the courtroom. She offers a template for the roles that may be reduced or be cast by the using the same actor. This template is available in the script offered from Samuel French. However, Christie stresses that the same actress that plays Greta should not play the role of â€Å"The Other Woman.† Even though the two characters never appear onstage at the same time, Christie does not want the audience to think that it is part of the plot and that Greta is in fact The Other Woman. Christie goes on to offer suggestions that â€Å"local amateurs† be used to fill out the courtroom scene or even that the audience be invited to sit on the stage. Playwright Agatha Christie (1890 – 1976) is beloved and renowned mystery writer from England. She is best known for her novels and such characters as Miss Marple, Hercule Pirot, and Tommy and Tuppence. Her stories focus on mysteries and murder; where the truth is found in the details and the characters are never who they first appear to be. Her play Mousetrap claims the title of longest running play with a production history that spans over 60 years. Agatha Christie is so prolific and popular that only Shakespeare and the Bible have only outsold her works. Samuel French holds the production rights for Witness for the Prosecution.

Personal Statement Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 18

Personal Statement Example It is through family that I have learnt to invest in simple things such as happiness and respect, prerequisites to every good life. Playing Persian drums requires both physical and mental skills. Physically, one need to develop a listening ear, it is through listening that one learns how and what to play. Any missed part means a lost rhythm which waters down the efforts of other instrumentalists and that of the lead singer or singers. Secondly, one needs a sense of rhythm and timing, one has to identify a rhythm fast enough to be able to play and aid the other performers. This also means that as a Persian drummer you have to have a fast response in order to coordinate well with the rest. The last physical skill is hands and feet coordination. One has to be able to coordinate their hands and feet to create the required rhythm. This level of coordination should be top notch to ensure a stable rhythm through out a performance. Physical skills and engagements may spell one’s prowess on the drums; however, it is the mental skills that allow one to develop the requisite physical skills. The most important mental skills are: a positive mindset, self-discipline and patience. A positive mindset helps one’s patience and resilience as they learn how to play drums. This is because it is a process and without a positive mindset then one will undoubtedly give up. Self-discipline is also another skill this is greatly informed by a positive mindset. Self-discipline ensures that a drummer becomes committed to his act and manages his time well to provide adequate time for practice. Just like in any other engaging activity, patience is paramount. One has to continually resist the urge to walk before one can crawl, a drummer must learn to make the small steps which ultimately build up the necessary skills. As evident, playing Persian drums is an involving engagement. Taking the learning process and being able to stay focused has required a lot of determination. Thankfully,

Policy Analysis Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Policy Analysis - Article Example It is also important to have a clear frame work for policy analysis in nursing. Nursing policies as a result have led to the formation of major reforms in the health sector with the purpose of improving the health care provision (Mason, Kline &Mary, 2007). The main aim of this policy analysis is to discuss the factor that may be affecting the nursing sector and the health care provision (Dempski & Westrick, 2008). This is a policy analysis on the effective management of palliative care and the measures that should be taken to improve on it. Palliative care is the special medical care that is provided to people infected with serious diseases. The main aim is palliative care is to provide the patient with relief from the pain and stress associated with the illness and improve the life of the patients and their families. Palliative care requires a combination of efforts for doctors and nurses among other specialists in the medical field to work towards ensuring that the patient is comfo rtable and in a stable condition (Dempski & Westrick, 2008). According to the nursing framework, it is recommended that regardless of the age of the patient or the stage of the illness the patient, should be attended through a curative treatment (Hendtrick, 2000). Some of the conditions that require palliative care especially in their critical stages include; chronic illnesses such as cancer, heart complications kidney failure and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease among others (Reb, 2003). Palliative care is responsible for conditions such as pain, fatigue, nausea, constipation, appetite loss and lack of sleep. Palliative also helps the patient gain the strength and motivation to carry on with life. It also helps an individual understand the methods of treating different conditions and have control over some conditions. For palliative care to be successful there needs to be a combined effort and collaboration between the patient, nurses and the medical specialists. The medical s pecialists responsible for this process include doctors, nurses, pharmacists, therapists and nutritionists. The patient is required to be close to their family and spend quality time with them. The main importance of these teams is that they support the patient in every step by controlling their symptoms, and assisting the patient to understand their treatment process and options. The close relationship with these teams also helps provide better communication, better approach of the pain and other symptoms, support on complex treatments and emotional and spiritual support from the family (Reb, 2003). Globally, there has been and increased need for palliative care as a result of the increase in the occurrence of chronic diseases. It is therefore important to create palliative care networks that are more cost effective with responsive multi agency settings. One of the important factors to consider in the palliative care networks is the professional skills of the medical specialists (R eb, 2003). As a measure to facilitate the evaluation of palliative care networks, a policy to create a framework to evaluate palliative care networks was created to focus on the professional collaboration, community awareness and patient cantered care. This frame work was developed based on the previous models used in the evaluation of health systems and literature on the operations of palliative care networks. The frame work will promote an appropriate structure in the palliative care provision, and manage the process of palliative ca

Looking for Alabrandi and the Simple Gift Essay Example for Free

Looking for Alabrandi and the Simple Gift Essay Good morning teachers and fellow students. The idea that we continue on as we are: unchanged, unchanging is unbelievably illogical. In a time and world where things are constantly changing, it is impossible to be in existence without being affected by the process of change. Changes are inevitable, and they are happening everywhere around us. This idea is portrayed in the Prescribed film â€Å"Looking for Alibrandi† and my ORT The Simple Gift by Steven Herrick. The meeting of two personalities is like the contact of two chemical substances if there is a reaction, both are transformed. This quote by Psychologist Carl Jung is clearly evident in both texts looking for Alibrandi and The Simple Gift. During the opening scene of the film looking for Alibrandi there is a Qantas plane taking off or departing likewise in the Simple Gift the symbol of Change is more dramatic with Billy illegally riding the freight train out of town; he is unsure where he will end up. This is very contrasting to the symbolism of leaving in looking for Alibrandi where Josie believes she knows exactly what she wants to do, where she wants to go and who she wants to marry. Josie Meets Jacob Coote from cook high at a public speaking event, the two have an instant reaction it could even be described by chemical. Josie and Jacob are portrayed as opposites Josie’s believes that she is better than Jacob. When the Sydney schools have the first social event of the year Josie looks to John Barton (the son of the national liberal party leader) But john never asks her it is Jacob that asks her to dance, Jacob Says â€Å"It’s a pity you’re not school captain we could have been perfect† this highlights that Jacob is aware of Josie’s views towards him. In The Simple Gift Billy’s life changes significantly, as does Old Bill’s. When readers first get to know Old Bill, the technique of recounting is used as we learn why he is a homeless man. When Billy enters Old Bill’s life, he is prompted to change the way he lives. At first, Old Bill opposes these changes, as he swears â€Å"piss off kid†. He then begins to accept the changes as we observe him getting up early, having showers and quitting drinking. Old Bill’s attitudes towards change develop through the novel and by the end, he looks forward to change as he deals with his past When Billy first becomes homeless I believe that this moment is the catalyst for change in Billy’s life. Billy meets many challenges in this new place, such as where to sleep and where to find food. He meets these challenges head up, as he is determined to enter this new world and make a new life for himself. He sleeps in an old train carriage, and most of his meals are scraps from McDonalds. His attitude towards this change is enthusiastic and he feels that this change is beneficial for him. Josie meets thernominal challenges also with the death of John Barton, Josie’s world is thrown into turmoil and Josie seeks answers as to why someone like John Barton with all the things he had going for him would commit suicide. And asks the rhetorical question â€Å"I wonder what his parents will do with the sheets, will they throw them away or will they scrub and scrub so that they can always sleep on them.† Josie is in an emotional state for quite a while. One day on the train Josie and Jacob cross paths and Josie has a break down, Jacob comforts her. I believe that this is the catalyst of change for Josie between her and Jacob. Josie’s Initial reaction to her father Michael Andretti coming back into her life was nothing short of her dismissing him as a useless selfish object. This is parallel with the reaction of Billy towards his father. This is supported by the extracts ‘soulless tyranny’ of â€Å"the old bastard’ his father. This technique of expletive language is used to depict the poor relationship he shared with his father. I believe that Josie chooses to have a positive relationship with her father when she calls him after Josie hits Carly with one of her ancient history textbook. Michael gets Josie out of trouble at school and also changes Josie’s perception about fathers Josie now believes that fathers have a use, she is also growing quite fond of her father. Josie now stays at her father apartment on Sydney harbor on most weekends and enjoys spending time with her father. In the closing scene of the film it is exactly one year later on tomato day again and the picture quality is a lot sharper this conveys that Josie is clear about her decision to be there and even invites her friends over this time. The key idea conveyed in both â€Å"Looking for Alibrandi† and â€Å"The simple Gift† is quite nicely summed up by â€Å"The meeting of two personalities is like the contact of two chemical substances if there is a reaction, both are transformed† this is clearly evident in both with Josie’s relationships with Jacob Coote and her father Michael Andretti and Also for Billy with his relationships with Old Bill and Caitlin.

Conservative Judaism: Inception, History and Way Of Life :: United Synagogue of Conservative Judaism

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã¢â‚¬Å"The term â€Å"Conservative† had been attached to the moderates by the Reformers because the moderates had branded them as radicals. This name hardly describes the movement aptly. Conservative Judaism, is the American version of the principles of positive historical Judaism. The conservatives accept the findings of modern scholarship that Judaism is the product of a long period of growth and evolution. However, this process did not result in broken or inconsistent lines of development; quite the contrary, the major currents of Judaism run consistently through the extensive literature of the Jewish people, created in successive ages.† (Rudavsky 338) Conservative Judaism is one of the largest of the various sects of Judaism. Conservative Jews make up about 40-45% of those Jews who affiliate. Conservative Judaism accepts the idea that Jewish law is binding upon Jews. Conservative Jews have an obligation to obey all the teachings and commandments of Judaism., For example, Conservative Jews emphasize the laws of keeping the Sabbath and keeping kosher. Conservative Jews believe that Jewish law is capable of evolution as humans learn more about interpreting the Torah. Therefore, Conservative Jews have changed some of the earlier interpretations. Men and women worship together in Conservative synagogues, people may ride in a car on the Sabbath to attend services, and women can be ordained as rabbis. â€Å"Issac Leeser is generally regarded as the principal forerunner of Conservative Judaism in the United States. A native of Westphalia, Lesser acquired his religious and secular education before coming to American in 1824. He settled in Richmond, Virginia, where he was employed for several years in his uncle’s business. At the same time, he assisted the hazzan in the religious school of the local Sephardic congregation. During this period, he gained prominence by publishing numerous articles in defense of Jews and Judaism in American and foreign journals.†(Dimont 231) Some Jews who affiliate with the Conservative sect claim that their main reason for belonging is the fact that they don’t want to be Orthodox nor Reformed. â€Å"While some individuals describe themselves as Conservative because of their alienation from Orthodox practices, others define themselves from the opposite direction – they point out that they are not reform.† (Sklare 206) For the most part, Conservative Jews feel that if one were to be reformed they would not really be Jewish. The Reformed sect, unlike the conservative do not obey most of the Jewish laws and traditions.

Policing Practices and Operations Essay

Policing agencies are incredibly responsible to the communities, counties, states, and nation to protect against crime and provide service to citizens. With this tremendous responsibility comes inherent scrutiny. The practices and operations of police agencies are under constant surveillance by the public as well as other policing agencies. To promote functionality police organizations are departmentalized to enhance efficiency and improve communication. Relationships within these organizational structures exist. Partnerships are developed between the community and policing agencies to increase crime reduction and improve order maintenance. The organizational structure of policing agencies will be reviewed along with communication patterns both within and outside of the agency. Current trends and issues facing policing agencies and communities will be examined and an analysis of changed that could be implemented to improve the partnerships between policing agencies and communities wi ll be determined. Relationships Between Traditional Organizational Structures of Policing Agencies Municipal Law Enforcement Municipal law enforcement is most commonly represented as the local police. These police departments provide local protection to cities and towns; departments vary in size in accordance to population. The structure of municipal law enforcement is generally broken into two divisions: investigation and patrol. Under these departments is an umbrella of subdivisions. Investigations houses units specific to vice, homicide, and juvenile relations. Additional departments exist such as â€Å"community relations, internal affairs, training, and research and planning† (Pollock, 2012, p.93). Specialized teams have also been created in some departments servicing cases such as domestic violence, responding to the mentally ill, and various other issues. Departments of a smaller capacity carry more responsibility in handling multitudes of cases due to the lack of additional resources. Municipal agencies coordinate with state and federal agencies when crimes are not within their jurisdiction (Pollock, 2012). County law enforcement County law enforcement is publicly known as the sheriff department. The structure supports the county sheriff and the sheriff deputies. Sheriffs serve protection to the local police and assist in crime investigations in counties that do not have local law enforcement. Management of the county jail is generally the county sheriffs responsibility. Some jurisdictions assign jail responsibilities to deputies, but they generally do service patrol. Civil documents, warrants, and eviction notices are also served from the sheriff’s office. The position is attained by election but deputies are employed through procedures similar to the selection process of the municipal law enforcement agencies (Pollock, 2012). State Police Highway Patrol, State Patrol, and the Department of Public Safety are State law enforcement agencies. Hawaii is the only state without a state police force. The demand for law enforcement on roads passing through townships created these agencies. State law enforcement agencies are publicly known for enforcing traffic law violations and deal exclusively with state laws. This limited jurisdiction separates them from municipal and federal agencies. Statewide criminal investigations involving auto theft or drugs are within the state polices jurisdictions. Assistance to local detection and investigations are also services provided by the state police. This limited jurisdiction separates them from municipal and federal agencies (Pollock, 2012). Federal Agencies The Federal Bureau of Investigations (FBI), Department of Homeland Security (DHS), Secret Service, the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, and Firearms (ATF), Drug Enforcement Agency (DEA), and Internal Revenue Service (IRS) are federal agencies. These agencies deal with the enforcement of federal laws implemented by Congress. Functions are primarily investigations, and a very limited amount of patrol work is implemented. The largest federal law enforcement agency is the Department of Homeland Security. The agency with the broadest jurisdiction is the FBI. An investigation of a violation of both federal and state laws is permissible by federal law enforcement agencies. The sale of controlled substances is the most common example of this (Pollock, 2012). Communication Patterns Within and Outside the Policing Agency Technology has greatly improved the efficiency of policecommunications within the agency. In-car computers and laptops allow officers to have quick access to vital information. Loc al and federal information on a suspect from data files nationwide can be retrieved within moments. Dispatch and assignments are available to officers through the in-car computer system eliminating the reliance upon two-way radios. Officers and vehicles are monitored through Global Positioning Devices (GPS) (Maguire, 2011). Police officer responsibilities also include communicating with the public. Officers are expected to be competent with problem-solving skills, mediation, and social interactions. Training and education in these areas is vital in earning the trust and confidence of the community. Functions such as community policing, which will be discussed later, rely heavily on the public as a resource for crime fighting. Positive interaction with the public is achieved by exhibiting solid problem solving skills, social adaptability, and admirable temperaments (Maguire, 2011). Current trends in the approach to the policing function Problem-Oriented Policing (POP) SARA is a problem-solving model associated with problem-oriented policing. â€Å"SARA stands for scanning, analysis, response, and assessment† (Pollock, 2012, p.102). This approach to fighting crime applies available resources such as crime reports to target crimes centralizing in specific areas. The information is analyzed in an attempt to explain the origin of the crime. Officers then respond with the proposed solution, which could mean increased patrol in specific areas, or direct enforcement. Measures are then assessed to determine success rates (Pollock, 2012). Community Policing Community policing is trending in the recent years. The idea is that the police would create a partnership with the community to aid in the reduction and prevention of crime. Community support can greatly benefit in the resolution of neighborhood problems. This style of policing is service-oriented encompassing â€Å"many different types of tactics and programs, all with the goal of officers and community members developing partnerships to solve some of the neighborhood’s problems† (Pollock, 2012, p.99). Additionally, community policing places an emphasis on the decentralizing of policing (Pollock, 2012). Order Maintenance and Zero Tolerance policing Order maintenance and zero tolerance-policing places focuses on eliminating public order crimes such as public drinking, noise violations, graffiti, public urination, and intrusive panhandling, in full force. The ideology is that the elimination of the smaller crimes will ultimately reduce the larger crimes. The targeting of minor offenses affects a broad spectrum of the community including the general law abiding citizens. The strict implementation of city ordinances violations such as property maintenance and parking violations can greatly improve the probability of accusations of biased enforcement directly affecting various cultural groups (Pollock, 2012). Existing Issues with the Partnership Between Law Enforcement and Community Law enforcement fights a constant uphill battle to achieve harmony between maintaining order in society and protecting the rights of individuals. Police must encompass the element of authority while remaining approachable and socially accessible. The mil itary structure that has developed within the police organization poses a threat to community relations and hampers efforts of community policing. Officers are trained to protect due-process constitutional rights. Aggressive officer behavior, and in some cases bearing inappropriate weaponry, creates the components of militarization. This contentious behavior fosters fear in society and serves as a daily reminder of government intervention (Maguire, 2011). Changes to Improve Partnerships Between Law Enforcement and Community Partnership between law enforcement and the community can be improved by consistently following protocol and procedures. Any time an officer fails or violates standard procedures or protocols trust within the community weakens. The machismo attitudes that can be fostered from the military style training and organizational structure can create soldiers instead of law enforcement officials. Agencies need to have harsh consequences for officers who directly violate standard procedures. The machismo attitude can cause an overlap of jurisdictional formalities. Officers cannot assume the role judge, jury, and prosecution. Partnerships are built on common interests and trust. The only practical way to eliminate bias and unnecessary infringement upon citizens from law enforcement is to create a more superior breed of officials. This can be achieved by creating enhanced psychological and practical testing methods. Agencies must strive to uphold the  service-based theme of community oriented policing. Inappropriate behavior and excessive use of force are shortcomings that should be immediately dispensed. Conclusion The organization structure of policing agencies is broad and complex. Levels of hierarchy have been established to implement a chain of command and create jurisdictional boundaries. Communication within agencies, between agencies, and the communities they serve are vital to the promotion of commonality of service and protection. Technology along with skill training aids in achieving this goal. Policing agencies have developed methods such as POP and COP to boost functionality and efficiency in crime reduction. The ever present issue facing policing agencies remains in achieving a balance between authority and service. References Maguire, M. (2011). Critical Issues in Crime and Justice: Thought, Policy, and Practice (1 ed). : Sage. Pollock, J. (2012). Crime and Justice in America An Introduction to Criminal Justice (5th ed.). : Elsevier.

Definition And Scope Essay Example Pdf - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 10 Words: 3111 Downloads: 3 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Finance Essay Type Research paper Did you like this example? Thomas Cook Group plc is one of the leading leisure travel groups in the world which offers wide variety of package to satisfy different needs generate from different market segment. Packages offered ranges from charter packages (two or more components of travel such as flights, hotels, transfers and representative services are bundled together), to independent travel management, and travel-related financial services (pre-paid foreign exchange, travel assurance and travel finances). The group manages its operations in 22 countries through six geographic operating divisions. According to the exhibit A, TCG shows a  £9.8b of revenue in FY11 where  £304m underlying the profit from operations. The main competitor for TCG is TUI Travel, which is another worlds leading leisure travel companies, with over 250 trusted brands. It competes head to head with TCG by providing similar services 2.0 Thomas Cook Financial and Non Financial Analysis 2.1 Financial Analysis 2.1.1 Analysis on Sales and Cost Graph 1 Table 1 above shows that there is a sales growth throughout the year but at the same time cost incurred has been increasing. Value for both cost and revenue from FY 2007 to FY2010 is relatively close (Graph 1). Financial situation was at the worst scenario where the total cost was even higher than the sales revenue generated. No gap between graph line for both sales revenue and cost indicating that TCG has a very minimum net profit margin. TCG failed to manage their cost effectively. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Definition And Scope Essay Example Pdf" essay for you Create order 2.1.2 Gross Profit Margin Gross Profit Margin (GPM) is a financial metric used to assess  a firms financial health by revealing the  proportion of money left over from revenues after accounting for the cost of goods sold (Steve, 1995). GPM for TCG was averagely at 23% and 24% and eventually fall to 22%. As sales revenue value is increasing and therefore, it could be the increment of cost of goods sold that leads to the downfall of gross profit margin at FY 2011. 2.1.3 Operating Profit Margin Table 5 Operating Profit Margin (OPM) indicates the effectiveness of a company in cost and expenses control associated with their normal business operations (Steve, 1995). In table 4, OPM has been dropping from FY 2007 to 2009 indicating failure for TCG in handling their overhead cost. TCG has made an adjustment on the proportion on overhead cost from 21.7% to 19.2% in FY 2011 which helps the company to slightly pick up in their operating profit margin. 2.1.4 Finance Cost Analysis Table 6 Table 6 shows that the interest cost has been increasing over the year and reaches its peak at 2009 and 2010 whereby the financial cost was  £0.018 every  £1 of sales. Financial cost has then reduced slightly in year 2011. 2.1.5 Tax on Sales Table 7 In table 7, income tax burden for TCG was relatively low from the FY 2007 to FY 2010. However, it has suddenly increased dramatically in year 2011. This could be one of the reasons that cause loss for the company. 2.1.6 Net Profit Margin Table 8 Net Profit Margin (NPM) is an indication on effectiveness in cost controlling and conversion of revenue into profit (Steve, 1995). TCG manages to earn a NPM of 2.38% initially at the FY 2007 but suffered from losses of 5.31% at FY2011. 2.1.7 Total Assets Turnover Table 9 Graph 2 Total assets turnover has an upward trend since 2007 to 2011 from 1.10 to 1.47. Hence it can be noticed that the sales level of TCG have improved with the utilization of the Assets. 2.1.8 Return on Assets Table 10 Return on assets indicates the profitability of a company in relative to its total assets (Steve, 1995). Table 10 shows that ROA for TCG has been decreasing and even dropped to the negative value. This indicates that the company is investing a high amount of capital into its production but receiving little income. 2.1.9 Financial Leverage *Note: Assuming that the total equity at the end of financial year 2006 is  £3,942m Table 11 In Table 11, financial leverage has been increasing throughout the financial years and this indicates that TCG falls at the risky side as they might face bankruptcy issue if they fail to repay their debt in the near future. 2.1.10 Return on Equity Table 12 In Table 12, return on equity has been declining throughout the financial year and even dropped to negative 29.6% at the FY 2011. According to DuPont Model analysis, we could further examine which part of the financial management resulted this (Atrill McLaney, 2011). First of all, looking into the net profit margin, the high total cost has leads to a downfall of NPM and negative at the FY 2011. Secondly, looking into the Total Assets Turnover, it shows an increment where TCG has improved in managing their Assets for generating sales. Lastly, looking into the financial leverage where there is an increment from 1.5 to 3.8 at the financial year. This indicates that the company has borrowed more money for the business and debt increased. Base on the analysis carried out, the decline of ROE of TCG is caused by two main reasons which are the increment of total cost and the large amount of debt borrowed. 2.2 Non Financial Analysis TCG has been in the market for ages and has built global umbrella brand for all the well known regional brands across geographies (refer to Exhibit D). This serves as a great strength that allows them to leverage better. Besides, TCG has a strong portfolio in other service category such as airlines, financial services and hotel which allow the group to cross sell their product and generate better revenue which eventually helps to increase the overall companys financial performance. Even though TCG is serving in 22 different countries, the revenue breakdown in appendix 3 shows that 55% of its revenue come from European market. This is identified as a very risky step as being over relying on this segment, the group is sensitive to the demand of this region. In addition, sovereign debt crisis in Euro zone has greatly affect the demand of TCG product as consumers become more reluctant in spending on travelling. This critical condition is predicted to be prolonged for quite some t ime and therefore, it is foreseeable that the turnover and profitability would fall under a negative development in the near future if TCG is still being overly dependent on the European market. As for the distribution channel, it is shown that TCG has established 799 of retail premises with  £2.5m of employees (appendix 8). Even though it is shown that the actual sales per employee are  £315,429 (appendix 4), the cost per employee inclusive with the rental as well as overhead cost should not be overlooked. The incremental of net profit is foreseeable with the switch of distribution channel to online distribution, which only contributes to 24.5% of the total sales in FY2011 (appendix 9) and highlighted the opportunity to growth, that allows redundant cost reduction. In addition to the reduction in cost, the switch of distribution channel is also essential as it helps TCG in preparing a better platform in serving the UK holiday market which is expected to generate  £22.7b n of sales in the near future, in FY 2015 (appendix E). As mentioned in the chairman statement, higher input cost such as fuel cost serves as a major threat in contributing another challenging year in the near future. Fuel price has been increasing rapidly after its decline in year 2007-2009 due to the recession. It is predicted that fuel cost would still continue to increase due to the high demand from china. Lowered sales revenue due to the lower demand could hardly covered the increment of fuel cost and eventually serve as a major threat to TCG. Company would face liquidity problem and sustained a negative working capital gap. . 4.0 Budgetary Control System According to the chairman, managers have been quite dissatisfied with their current traditional budgeting system which is based on previous year data, decisions, uncertain estimates and forecast (Drury, 2009). Despite the fact that traditional budgeting system provides a direction which can be used as a framework for planning and controlling the overall activity of the business, it is criticized on its failure in identifying the waste, incoming workloads and cost drivers. Critics also found out that it is very time consuming for the benefits to be achieve. In short, traditional budgeting practice does not seem to connect connected to the overall organizational strategy. Limitations of traditional budgeting give rise to many beyond budgeting techniques for instance, zero based budgeting. Zero Based Budgeting is one of the recommended options for TCG as it always assumes that the expenditures is always based on zero, is in contrast to the traditional budgeting system which assumes that the current years expenditure level is justifiable which may not be true. Zero based budgeting provides an efficient allocation of resources. It identifies and eliminates wastage and obsolete operations, detects inflated subjects and drives managers to find out cost effective ways to improve operations. But despite of all the benefits of it, there are also criticisms and drawback against it such as it may lead to micro management, it involves a huge amount of money and it may lead to a material shift in the use of resources. Another option which could be considered by the management is to implement flexible budgeting, a technique for budgeting based on the future variability of business volumes, which allows them to adjust accordingly toward the changing environment and economic factors. Despite the fact on its difficulties in associating with marginal analysis, it is one of the best control devices available to management as it is required to measure radical changes from n ormal operating levels. In addition to that, it provides management with real-time and offers much greater cost control over a business operation and makes it more competitive. This also targets more accurately where performance levels are falling below or meeting expectations. 5.0 Recommendation To decide whether to invest in to TCG, investor needs to look into the internal and external environment. Internally, financial information provided shown an incremental revenue throughout the financial year from 2007 to 2011 but majority of the key performance indicators such as ROE, NPM, ROA and other KPI are showing a downward trend. Financial leverage for TCG has been increasing throughout the financial years and this indicates that TCG falls at the risky side as they might face bankruptcy issue if they fail to repay their debt in the near future. Externally, global economic crisis is expected to prolong for 5 more years which would have a definite impact on travel industry where people have a general tendency to spend less and weakening pound further adds fuel to this. In short, analyzing the financial health of TCG indicating a clear lack in the way operations are managed currently and highlights room for improvement., as well as the macro environment of the industry which se rves as a non controllable factor, it is not encouraging for One-World Investment Consortium to invest in it. Profit maximization could be achieved via sales increment and cost reduction. In appendix B, it is seen that there is a great opportunity for independent growth in several areas such as city break, tailor made travel, flight only and hotel room in cities that TCG can explore by leveraging through their greatest strength, TCG brand. Appendix C further suggests the opportunities of growth by the introducing differentiated concepts allied with new product pipeline. Effective marketing strategy play an important role in introducing the right product to the right target market through the right distribution channel. For instance, identify the potential market by analyzing the TCG customer database and send them a customized email to introduce the promotion available. Vouchers and discount, which is only effective within certain period, could be included in the email as it help s in triggering customer interest. This benefited both customers and TCG as customer is satisfied with the great savings they had and TCG has obtained earlier sales. Cost reduction is another critical step that should be considered the result of the financial analysis shows that the high total cost is the key factor that results in the downward trend of NPM. Therefore, it is recommended for TCG to close down the non-profitable offline distribution retail and direct the market to online mode. This helps in reducing overhead cost such as rental, salary and other operating cost. Furthermore, due to the intense competition, HRM plays an essential role in ensuring retained employees to be trained with multi skilling capability and competence enough to be a source of the competitive advantage for TCG. Relationship with employees could not be overlooked as satisfied employees would helps in driving improved customer satisfaction by creating and fostering trust and relationship with cust omers. Therefore, it is recommended that TCG must ensure that employees need is met. Other than that, it is recommended for TCG to engage in a genuine B2B relationship with their suppliers as the cost is expected to be reduced when the organization has a deepening relationship with suppliers where margin premium is expected to improve. Zero based budgeting is recommended as it requires a programmes existence to be justified in each financial year, as opposed to simply basing budgeting decisions on a previous years allocation. It provides a systematic method of planning company financial resources. It may require an extensive amount of time and paper work. A combination of zero based budgets with traditional budgeting spreads the workload involved in justifying new budgets and is one possible method by which zero-based budgeting can be incorporated into current budgeting techniques. 6.0 Long Term Investment Decision Before making any investment decision, capital budgeting, should be taken into consideration by evaluating using different techniques. An organization which makes a capital investment incurs cash outlays in the expectation of future return or cash inflows (benefits). 6.1 Payback Period The payback period is commonly used as an investment appraisal technique in measuring on the period needed in recovering the initial investment. Despite the fact that it is very simple to apply and understand, it does not take the time value of money into account neither it take account of the earnings after the initial investment is recouped. Therefore it is not recommended as these may prevent the ranking of projects. 6.2 Accounting Rate of Return Another commonly used appraisal technique used is ARR which compares the profit that can be earned by the concerned project to the amount of initial investment capital that would be required for the project and projects that can earn a higher rate of return is accepted. However, again, ARR does not take into consideration the time value of money involved. In addition, this method uses net income rather than cash flows while net income is a useful measure of profitability where the net cash flow is a better measure of an investments performance. Furthermore, the inclusion of only the book value of the invested asset ignores the fact that a project can require commitments of working capital and other outlays that are not included in the book value of the project. 6.3 Discounted Payback Period The introduction of discounted payback period is to backup the drawback of the PB by adding the net positive discounted cash flows arising from the project. This could be useful as a performance indicator to contextualise the projects anticipated performance but is not recommended to use as the sole appraisal method. 6.4 Net Present Value In the NPV method, the revenues and costs of a project are estimated and then are discounted and compared with the initial investment. Projects with positive NPV should be accepted and rejected if the NPV value is as it indicates that the present value of the stream of benefits is insufficient to recover the cost of the project. Compared to other investment appraisal techniques such as the IRR and the discounted payback period, the NPV is recognized as the most reliable technique in supporting investment appraisal decisions. However, its sensitivity in discount rate is identified as the main drawbacks. Since discount rate is always the denominator of NPV and its always critical to know the final result of the output. NPV can be positive or it can be negative depending on the discount rate which has been taken in calculations. 6.5 Internal Rate of Return IRR corresponds to the rate for which the present value of the investments money in-flows are equal to the present value of the money out-flows. It helps evaluate individual projects as investment opportunities and helps investors in determining whether the projects would help in increasing the organization value and determining the percentage of return in comparison to the initial investment. In addition, it takes into account the time value of money  and adjusts for the risk that the project will not meet the income projections. However, many firms are guilty of rejecting worthwhile investments due to the understating of NPVs and IRRs because of the incorrect treatment of inflation and the use of excessively high discount rates. 7.0 Risks on Long Term Investment Failure in identifying risk in long term investment could lead to unforeseeable consequences. Therefore, there are two main traditional investment appraisal frameworks which could be considered by managers prior in making any investment decision. One of the simplest and most effective ways to analyse risk is through simple sensitivity analysis where investor could just change certain variable involved in a potential investment to see how that change would affect the overall investment. For instance, when considering buying a company, managers may look at the production cost of an item the company makes, and the cost of the components needed to make that product and further verify several eventualities, by adjusting these prices, either lower or higher. This will help them make an educated decision about their purchase in light of better understand the change of the company value if certain variables change. Another way to evaluate the risk is by conducting scenario analysis w here multiple analyses could be performed at the same time. Investors conducting this type of analysis will look at the variables that affect a companys bottom line and use them to plan accordingly. For example, managers considering purchasing a company will want to understand the cash flow of the business. This is more than just considering revenue and expenses. Expenses can manifest themselves in a number of ways including wages, pensions, benefits, costs associated with production, and so forth. By changing a combination of these factors, investors can get a feel for a number of different scenarios. Kaplan (1986) has further criticised aspects of traditional appraisal techniques are in truth a function of the user and not the technique itself by highlighting the mistake of the NPV user who use of static discount rates. In addition, the inconsistent treatment of inflation, the overemphasis on the short-term, faulty assumptions about the status quo alternative, and the adoption of a narrow organisational perspective are again all mistakes of the user. Even the difficulty of including nonfinancial benefits is seen as a lack of financial analyst imagination rather than an inherent shortcoming of traditional evaluation approaches.